安东尼·布林肯国务卿在联合国安理会乌克兰问题部长级会议上的讲话

安东尼·J·布林肯国务卿

布林肯国务卿：非常感谢，总理先生。感谢你让安理会关注这一至关重要的问题。以及秘书长先生，感谢你在应对俄罗斯对乌克兰战争时所表现出来的道德清晰。

我们感谢能够欢迎泽连斯基总统来到安理会议席，我们感谢他。我们感谢他昨天、今天和每一天提醒我们乌克兰冲突的利害攸关性。这不仅关系到乌克兰，乌克兰人，也关系到我们所有人。

各位安理会成员，我两周前来到基辅以北约2小时车程的乌克兰小镇亚希德。俄罗斯军队在入侵的最初几天占领了这个村庄。他们挨家挨户地用枪逼着居民将他们集合起来，把他们带到当地的小学，俄罗斯士兵在那里设立了一个指挥所。然后，士兵们强迫 300 多名平民——大部分是妇女、儿童和老人——进入一个不适合人类居住的地下室，只有几个小房间，没有窗户，没有通风设施，没有自来水。俄罗斯士兵将居民关押在那里连续28天，把他们当作人肉盾牌，直到乌克兰守卫军来到这里解放了小镇时才逃走。

在亚希德，两名居民带我进入了他们和其他人曾被囚禁的地下室。他们说他们当时紧紧地挤在一起，几乎无法呼吸。没有坐的地方，更不用说躺下了。当他们向他们的看守者大喊有人病了，需要医治时，一名俄罗斯士兵回喊道：“让他们死了吧。”

带我去的人把地下室墙上的两份手写名单指给我看。一份是俄军处决的村民名单，另一份是在地下室中死去的人员名单。年龄最大的受害者93岁，最小的只有6周大。俄军每天只允许运走一次尸体。因此孩子、父母、丈夫和妻子不得不在亲人的尸体旁度过好几个小时。

我之所以从这里讲起，是因为在这间会议厅里，隔着舒服的距离，真的很容易忽略在俄罗斯的侵略下的乌克兰受害者的处境。这只是发生在乌克兰的一栋建筑、一个社区里的事情。还有很多像这样的事情。仅在上周，俄罗斯就轰炸了在克里维里赫的公寓楼，烧毁了在利沃夫的人道主义救援仓库，并摧毁了敖德萨的粮仓。它在一天之内炮击了苏梅的八个社区。

这就是乌克兰的家庭每天生活的境况。这就是他们在持续了574天的全面侵略中所经历的。这就是他们明天要忍耐的，以及后天、以及俄罗斯发动的这场恶毒战争将持续的时间里要忍耐的。普京总统从一开始就公开宣布，这场战争的目的是将乌克兰这个主权国家从地图上抹去，并恢复俄罗斯失去的帝国。

在这场战争中，有侵略者，也有受害者。一方攻击《联合国宪章》的核心原则，另一方则为捍卫这些原则而战。一年半多以来，俄罗斯撕毁了《联合国宪章》、《世界人权宣言》和国际人道法的主要信条，蔑视安理会的一项又一项决议。

让我们回顾一下。首先，俄罗斯的入侵本身就违反了《联合国宪章》的核心支柱——尊重所有国家的主权和领土完整。第二，俄罗斯几乎每天都在犯下战争罪和危害人类罪。第三，俄罗斯继续进行不顾后果的核威胁，宣布在白俄罗斯部署核武器，并继续利用欧洲最大的核电站及其员工作为俄罗斯侵略的挡箭牌，不顾造成灾难性后果的风险。

第四，俄罗斯正在把饥饿武器化。约有3300万公吨谷物因秘书长和土耳其促成的“黑海谷物倡议”而得以进入市场，让世界各地的粮食价格降了下来。通过该倡议出口的小麦有近三分之二进入了发展中国家。普京不仅退出了该协议，俄罗斯还正在乌克兰使用地雷，轰炸乌克兰的港口和铁路，烧毁乌克兰的粮仓。因此，乌克兰今年的小麦出口量可能会减少280万公吨。这相当于 55 亿条——55 亿条——面包被困在世界的面包篮中。而与此同时，俄罗斯正在顺利实现其今年的谷物出口创下历史新高。世界越饥饿，莫斯科就越有利可图。

第五，俄罗斯正在使用伊朗无人机袭击乌克兰平民，这些无人机是俄罗斯违反安理会第 2231 号决议从伊朗采购的。最后，就在上周，俄罗斯接待了朝鲜独裁者金正恩。普京说，他们讨论了军事合作的方式。而金正恩则许诺朝鲜民主主义人民共和国对俄罗斯侵略战争的——我引述——“无条件的全力支持”，引述完毕。当然，莫斯科和平壤之间的武器转让将会违反安理会的多项决议。很难想象一个国家会对联合国和其所代表的一切表现出比这更大的蔑视——而这样的蔑视来自一个在联合国安理会拥有常任理事国席位的国家。

普京总统在赌如果他不断加倍使用暴力，如果他愿意让足够多的人遭受痛苦，世界就会屈服于俄罗斯的原则，乌克兰就会停止自卫。但乌克兰人不会放弃，因为他们已经看到，如果屈服于俄罗斯的控制，生活会变成什么样子。那就是亚希德的地下室。那就是孩子们从家里被带走并被驱逐到俄罗斯，孩子们从父母身边被带走并被驱逐到遥远的地方。那就是马里乌波尔的废墟。那就是布查的万人坑。

我们也不会放弃。事实上，自从我们上次在这里开会以来，越来越多的国家走到一起，试图开辟一条不同的前行道路。今年6月，十多个国家在哥本哈根与乌克兰举行会议，讨论通往公正和持久和平的道路，一条坚持《联合国宪章》及其核心原则的道路。两个月后，包括安理会许多成员在内的40多个国家在吉达与乌克兰继续进行讨论。泽连斯基总统提出了实现这种和平的十点计划。普京总统什么也没有提出。

现在，有些人认为，继续与乌克兰站在一起并追究俄罗斯的责任，会分散我们处理其他优先事项的精力，比如应对气候危机、扩大经济机会、加强卫生健康系统。这个选择是伪命题。我们可以而且必须两者兼顾；我们正在兼顾。我们必须共同努力，应对影响我们民众的全球性挑战，实现可持续发展目标，努力打造一个让所有人都有机会充分发挥其潜力的世界。

美国是这些努力的主要贡献者。正如拜登总统昨天在联合国大会上所说的那样，我们将继续做比我们应尽义务更多的事来应对我们这个时代的当务之急。与此同时，正如拜登总统明确指出的那样，我们必须继续巩固国家间和平关系的支柱。没有这些支柱，我们将无法实现我们的任何目标。这就是为什么我们不仅要向俄罗斯，而且要向所有可能出现的侵略者发出一个明确的信息，即当我们一致同意的规则受到挑战时，我们将挺身而出，而不是袖手旁观。这不仅是为了防止冲突、不稳定和苦难，而且还为我们在和平时期为改善人们生活所能做的一切奠定基础。

我在开场时分享了我在亚希德看到的恐怖景象。最后，让我告诉你们我那天在乌克兰还看到了什么。我看到志愿者在重建被俄罗斯炸弹夷为平地的家园，看到农民在田地收割，看到人们重新开业，看到市民在清除地雷和未爆弹药，看到孩子们重返校园。总之，我看到了一个国家在重建、重获未来。这是我们联合国所有成员的权利。这也是我们维护国际秩序时所捍卫的：人民不仅有权活下来，而且有权活得欣欣向荣，有权书写他们自己的未来。我们的人民、乌克兰的人民、所有国家的人民都有权书写自己的未来。我们不能，我们也不会让一个人为我们书写未来。谢谢大家。

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Secretary Antony J. Blinken At United Nations Security Council Ministerial Meeting on Ukraine

Antony J. Blinken, Secretary of State

SECRETARY BLINKEN:  Thank you very much.  Mr. Prime Minister, thank you for focusing the Security Council on this critically important issue.  And Mr. Secretary-General, thank you for the moral clarity that you’ve shown in dealing with Russia’s war against Ukraine.

We’re grateful to have been able to welcome President Zelenskyy to this council table, and we thank him.  We thank him for reminding us yesterday, today, and every day what’s at stake in this conflict, not just for Ukraine, not just for Ukrainians, but for all of us.

Fellow council members, two weeks ago I was in Yahidne, a small Ukrainian town about two hours north of Kyiv.  Russian forces seized the village in the first days of the invasion.  They went door to door, rounding up residents at gunpoint, marching them to the local elementary school, where Russian soldiers had set up a command post.  Then, soldiers forced more than 300 civilians – mostly women, children, and elderly people – into a basement not fit for human habitation, just a few small rooms, no windows, no circulation, no running water.  The soldiers held residents there for 28 straight days, using them as human shields, before fleeing when Ukrainian defenders arrived to liberate the town.

In Yahidne, two residents took me into the basement where they and others had been imprisoned.  My guide said that they were packed together so tightly that they could barely breathe.  There was no room to sit, let alone lie down.  When they cried out to their captors that people were sick and needed medical care, a Russian soldier yelled back, “Let them die.”

My guide pointed to two handwritten lists of names on the basement wall.  One was for the villagers that Russian forces had executed, the other for the people who died in the basement.  The oldest victim was 93 years old; the youngest 6 weeks old.  The Russians only allowed the removal of bodies once a day, so children, parents, husbands, and wives were forced to spend hours next to the corpses of their loved ones.

I begin here because from the comfortable distance of this chamber, it’s really easy to lose sight of what it’s like for Ukrainian victims of Russian aggression.  This is what happened in just one building, in one community in Ukraine.  There are so many others like it.  In the last week alone, Russia has bombed apartment buildings in Kryvyi Rih; it’s burned down humanitarian aid depots in Lviv.  It’s demolished grain silos in Odesa.  It shelled eight communities in Sumy in a single day.

This is what Ukrainian families are living through every day.  It’s what they’ve experienced for 574 days of this full-scale invasion.  It’s what they’ll endure tomorrow, and the day after that, for as long as Russia wages its vicious war, a war that President Putin openly declared from the outset is aimed at erasing Ukraine from the map as a sovereign country and restoring Russia’s lost empire.

In this war, there is an aggressor and there is a victim.  One side is attacking the core principles of the UN Charter; the other fights to defend them.  For over a year and half, Russia has shredded the major tenets of the United Nations Charter, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, international humanitarian law, and flouted one Security Council resolution after another.

Let’s review.  First, Russia’s invasion itself violates the central pillar of the UN Charter – respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all nations.  Second, Russia’s committing war crimes and crimes against humanity in Ukraine on an almost daily basis.  Third, Russia continues to engage in reckless nuclear saber-rattling, announcing that it’s stationing nuclear weapons in Belarus and continuing to use Europe’s biggest nuclear power plant and its employees as a shield for its aggression, risking catastrophic consequences.

Fourth, Russia is weaponizing hunger.  Thanks to the Black Sea Grain Initiative brokered by the secretary-general and Türkiye, approximately 33 million metric tons of grain reached global markets, driving down food prices around the world.  Nearly two-thirds of the wheat exported though that deal went to developing countries.  Not only did Putin pull out of the deal, but Russia is now mining Ukraine’s fields, bombing its ports and rails, burning its silos.  As a result, Ukraine’s wheat exports will likely fall by 2.8 million metric tons this year.  That is the equivalent of 5.5 billion – 5.5 billion – loaves of bread trapped in the world’s breadbasket. Russia, meanwhile, on track for a record year of grain exports.  The hungrier the world is, the more Moscow profits.

Fifth, Russia is using Iranian drones to attack Ukrainian civilians, drones that Russia procured from Iran in violation of Security Council Resolution 2231.

Finally, just last week, Russia hosted North Korean dictator Kim Jong-un.  Putin said that they discussed ways to cooperate militarily.  While Kim pledged the DPRK’s – and I quote – “full and unconditional support,” end quote, for Russia’s war of aggression.  Of course, the transfer of arms between Moscow and Pyongyang would violate multiple resolutions of this council.  It’s hard to imagine a country demonstrating more contempt for the United Nations and all that it stands for – this from a country with a permanent seat on this council.

President Putin is betting that if he keeps doubling down on the violence, that if he’s willing to inflict enough suffering on enough people, the world will cave on its principles and Ukraine will stop defending itself.  But Ukrainians are not giving up, for they’ve seen what life would look like if they submit to Russian control.  It’s that basement in Yahidne.  It’s families having their children torn away from them and deported to Russia, children taken away from their parents and deported far away.  It’s the rubble of Mariupol.  It’s the mass graves of Bucha.

We are not giving up, either.  Indeed, since we were last here, a growing number of countries have come together to try to forge a different way forward.  In June, over a dozen countries met with Ukraine in Copenhagen to discuss the path toward a just and lasting peace, one that upholds the United Nations Charter and its core principles.  Two months later, more than 40 countries, including many members of this council, carried forward that discussion with Ukraine in Jeddah.  President Zelenskyy has put forward a 10-point plan for such a peace.  President Putin has put forward nothing.

Now, some argue that continuing to stand with Ukraine and holding Russia accountable distracts us from addressing other priorities, like confronting the climate crisis, expanding economic opportunity, strengthening health systems.  That is a false choice.  We can and we must do both; we are doing both.  We must work together to tackle the global challenges that are affecting our people, meet the Sustainable Development Goals, invest in a world where all people have an opportunity to reach their full potential.

The United States is the world’s leading contributor to these efforts.  And as President Biden told the General Assembly yesterday, we will continue to do more than our share to answer the imperatives of our time.  At the same time, as President Biden has made clear, we must continue to shore up the pillars of peaceful relations among nations, without which we will be unable to achieve any of our goals.  That’s why we must send a clear message, not only to Russia but to all would-be aggressors, that we will stand up – not stand by – when the rules that we all agreed to are being challenged – not only to prevent conflict, instability, and suffering, but to lay the foundation for all that we can do to improve people’s lives in times of peace.

I opened by sharing the horrors that I saw in Yahidne.  Let me close by telling you what else I saw that day in Ukraine.  I saw volunteers rebuilding homes that had been razed by Russian bombs, farmers harvesting fields, people reopening businesses, citizens clearing mines and unexploded ordnance, children returning to schools.  In short, I saw a nation rebuilding and reclaiming its future.  That is the right of all members of our United Nations.  That’s what we defend when we stand up for the international order: the right of people not only to survive, but to thrive, to write their own future.  Our people, Ukraine’s people, the people of all nations get to write their own future.  We cannot, we will not let one man write that future for us.  Thank you.

https://www.state.gov/secretary-antony-j-blinken-at-united-nations-security-council-ministerial-meeting-on-ukraine/